引用元:CRISPR-Cas system for editing, regulation and targeting genomes. Sander, Jeffry D and Joung, J Keith. 4, s.l. : Nature Biotechnology, March 2, 2014, Vol. 32
もう1つの顕著な違いは、Cas9 は切断後に平滑末端を生成するのに対し、Cpf1は方向性クローニングに使用できる5' オーバーハングの付着末端を残すことです。制限酵素などによる付着末端の生成では、Cpf1よりも認識配列が短いため、特異性が低くなります。Cpf1のこの特性は、in vitro で非常に特異的な DNAアセンブリを実行するために利用されています (28)。この方法を in vivo で使用すると、神経などの非分裂細胞にDNAノックインが可能です。この場合、HDRを介したゲノム編集は特に困難です。
S. pyogenes Cas9(spCas9)は最も一般的に使用されるCRISPRヌクレアーゼですが、最近注目されているのは、黄色ブドウ球菌(saCas9)から分離された小型Cas9ヌクレアーゼです。この小さなヌクレアーゼは、生物におけるCRISPRベースの遺伝子編集に携わる生物医学研究業界を変える大きな可能性を秘めています。saCas9 と spCas9は、同等の効率で in vivoで真核生物のDNAを切断することができます(32)。 ただし、saCas9にはいくつかの特性があり、特定のアプリケーションでより便利に使用できます。
saCas9 は in vitro で spCas9よりも効率的:spCas9と比較して、saCas9は DNA切断に必要な酵素と時間が少なくて済みます。
図9. S. pyogenes Cas9(spCas9)はCRISPR遺伝子編集でよく知られているヌクレアーゼですが、黄色ブドウ球菌(saCas9)からミニチュアCas9ヌクレアーゼが追加されたことで、多くの研究者が in vivo で遺伝子編集機能を拡張できる可能性に期待を寄せています。spCas9と同様に、saCas9 は二本鎖DNAを切断することができますが、spCas9とは異なり、saCas9の特色であるサイズ、PAMシーケンスなどにより、spCas9よりも優位性があります。
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